A differential response of diffuse brain injury on the concentrations of endothelin and nitric oxide in the plasma and brain regions in rats

In the present study, we hypothesized that acute diffuse brain injury (DBI) in rats would produce an increase in endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, and/or nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator, in plasma and brain areas in rats. DBI was induced in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) using a 350 g weight dropped from 1 meter height impact through a device designed by Marmarou et al., 1994. Blood plasma and brain tissue (cerebral cortex, diencephalon and brain stem) samples were collected for estimation of ET-1 and NO at zero or 6 h from rats (n = 6) subjected to DBI as well as control rats (n = 6), i.e., not subjected to DBI. In a separate group of animals, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was recorded at 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 min after induction of DBI or sham-DBI. Acute DBI produced a significant decrease in CBF at 120 min after induction of DBI. Plasma levels of ET-1 was found to be significantly increased (from 0.89 ± 0.09 to 2.09 ± 0.29 pg ml-1), at 6h following DBI. DBI produced a significant decrease in the levels of ET-1 in diencephalon (from 70.97 ± 9.47 to 57.64 ± 2.65 pg g-1). In contrast to ET-1, DBI produced a significant increase in the concentrations of NO in the diencephalon, cerebral cortex and brain stem at 6 h post DBI. It appears that DBI-induced increase in the levels of NO in brain regions which might be down regulating the synthesis of ET-1 in diencephalon. It is concluded that ET and NO homeostatic mechanisms may play a role in the regional and vascular responses associated with acute DBI.