Bilateral Epididymal Cysts Observed During Routine Cadaveric Dissection: A Case Report

Background

Epididymal cysts are benign, fluid-filled dilatations that originate from epididymal ductules, most commonly within the caput epididymis. These lesions are frequently detected by scrotal ultrasonography and are often discovered incidentally during evaluation of painless scrotal swelling. Although epididymal cysts are common in clinical practice, they are typically unilateral. Reports of bilateral epididymal cysts are less frequent, especially in the context of cadaveric anatomical dissection. Identification of such lesions in cadaveric specimens offers valuable opportunities to correlate gross anatomical findings with clinically relevant scrotal pathology.

Case Presentation

During routine gross anatomical dissection of the scrotal contents in an elderly male cadaver in a medical school anatomy laboratory, bilateral cystic structures were identified arising from the epididymides. The cadaver’s medical history included vascular dementia and an implanted cardiac pacemaker, and previous anatomical studies had documented additional pathological findings, such as a bladder diverticulum. Gross examination revealed smooth, thin-walled, translucent cystic structures located superior to each testis in the region of the caput epididymis. These lesions were clearly extratesticular and consistent with cystic dilation of epididymal ductules. The testes exhibited normal gross morphology without evidence of intratesticular masses, and the vas deferens and spermatic cord structures were intact bilaterally.

Methods

A tissue sample was obtained of the epididymal cyst from the left testicle for microscopic study.

Discussion

Epididymal cysts are believed to develop from obstruction or dilation of epididymal ductules, leading to fluid accumulation and cystic enlargement. These lesions are typically benign and asymptomatic, but may present as palpable extratesticular masses. Differentiating epididymal cysts from other scrotal pathologies, such as spermatoceles, hydroceles, varicoceles, and testicular tumors, is essential during clinical evaluation. Identification of bilateral epididymal cysts in cadaveric specimens highlights the gross anatomical morphology and relationships of the epididymis, reinforcing clinically relevant scrotal anatomy.

Conclusion

This cadaveric case demonstrates the incidental identification of bilateral epididymal cysts arising from the caput epididymis during routine anatomical dissection. Recognition of these anatomical findings enhances understanding of epididymal morphology and underscores the value of cadaver-based anatomical education in illustrating clinically relevant scrotal pathology.