Determining the Potential Cytotoxic Effects of NGR-RuRd on HT-1080 cells

Rubredoxin, a small electron transfer protein, has been modified to incorporate a Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) tag and a ruthenium (Ru) metal center in place of its native iron. The NGR sequence is known to target CD13 receptors, which are overexpressed in certain cancer cells, including HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. This study explores the cytotoxic effects of NGR-tagged ruthenium-substituted rubredoxin (NGR-RuRd) and aims to explain the underlying mechanism of cell death. While ruthenium-based compounds have shown promise in anticancer therapy, the specific mode of cell death induced by NGR-RuRd remains unknown. Using a combination of cell viability assays, apoptosis, and necrosis markers, this research seeks to determine whether HT1080 cells undergo apoptosis, necrosis, or an alternative form of programmed cell death. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of metal-substituted proteins as potential therapeutic agents and their role in targeted cancer treatment.