Gross Anatomy of Bifid Xiphoid Process

INTRODUCTION: Xiphoid process is the ossified extension of the lower sternum in the chest midline of human adults. Natural variance in this process results in the less common bifurcated morphology. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to explore the distribution of the bifid variant. As a secondary objective, we aimed to compare bifurcated Xiphoid processes to other possible variations. METHODS: A case study was designed to explore the distribution of bifid variants in a sample of cadavers (n=30) at a large medical education institution. The dependent variable was binarized (bifid or normal) and univariate analyses were performed based on the height, width, and presence of bifurcation measured in each cadaver. RESULTS: Data is reported using textual and diagrammatic visuals. A significant difference was observed between the measurements of the bifid and the normal variants. Additionally, we provide a review of the implications of this bony landmark for mediastinal pressure and surgeries performed on the thoracic and abdominal areas. CONCLUSION: This case study demonstrates a significant variation of the Xiphoid process, aiding clinicians in performing more accurate imaging and diagnosis. Future research should consider the physiological effects and clinical significance of this process.