Surface engineering of microparticles by novel protein transfer for targeted antigen/drug delivery

Biodegradable microparticles can function as an adjuvant by targeting antigens to professional antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. To enhance targeting of microparticles, we have developed a novel method of attaching immunostimulatory molecules such as B7-1 to the surface of albumin microparticles utilizing the glycosylphosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor. GPI-B7-1 attaches to the surface of albumin microparticles in a protein transfer mediated process and is functionally active. This protein transfer was dependent on the concentration of the GPI-anchored protein, and independent of temperature and incubation time. Results show that the binding of the GPI-anchored protein is specifically occurring through an interaction between the GPI-anchor and the albumin microparticle surface. Stability studies indicate that the GPI-anchored protein can remain attached to the surface of the microparticle up to 7 days, with storage at 4 °C providing the optimal stability. Finally, we were able to simultaneously attach two different GPI-anchored proteins, GPI-B7-1 and GPI-ICAM-1, to the microparticles, demonstrating the capability of attaching more than one GPI-anchored protein to the microparticle surface. This novel method of attaching proteins to the surface of microparticles has potential implications in using microparticles as an antigen delivery device in vaccines as well as in targeted drug delivery. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.